What is a Security Operations Centre?

security operations center

South Africa, Sep 4, 2026

A Security Operations Centre (SOC) is a dedicated team of cybersecurity specialists (in-house or outsourced) that continuously monitors an organisation’s IT environment to detect, investigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats in real time, 24/7. It combines threat intelligence, analysis, and security technology to reduce the time between when a threat is detected and responded to.


What are the responsibilities of a SOC?

A SOC is generally responsible for 4 main functions:

Monitoring: SOC teams monitor network traffic, organisation endpoints, and connected systems  24/7.

Detection: Identifying legitimate threats and separating them from false-positive alerts and duplications. They use a combination of automation tools and experienced security analysts.

Investigation: SOC teams establish what an identified threat event is, how serious its impact is, and which systems it's impacting.

Response: Triage and limit the blast radius of a threat event.

A Security Operations Centre isn’t a single tool or system. It is a combination of security analysts, threat hunters, processes, policies, and technologies that work together to protect against and mitigate the damage of a threat landscape.

 

SOC vs NOC: What is the difference?

A Network Operations Centre (NOC) is a team of IT professionals who monitor and maintain the stability of an organisation’s IT infrastructure, network uptime, server performance, bandwidth, and outages.

A NOC does not specialise in detecting security threats. They may identify that a server or connection is behaving oddly and flag it with the SOC team.

Larger enterprises often run both a NOC and SOC. The NOC keeps the network systems running, and the SOC monitors and protects against threats to those systems.

 

SOC and CISO: How do they relate?

A SOC and a CISO (Chief Information Security Officer) operate at different levels of the same challenge. The CISO sets security strategies and policies at an executive level.

The SOC is the operational team that executes against that strategy in real time. They monitor, detect and respond to threats.

For a deeper look at how these 2 functions work together, see our piece on the partnership between a SOC and a CISO

 

In-house SOC vs outsourced SOC (SOCaaS)

 

In-house SOC

An internal SOC gives an organisation full control, but it requires recruitment, training, and retaining scarce cybersecurity talent. Tooling also requires additional investment.

It is often only larger enterprises that have the budgets and employee counts to justify the establishment of an internal SOC team.

 

Outsourced SOC / SOC-as-a-Service (SOCaaS)

A trusted managed services provider operates a SOC on the organisation’s behalf. This gives the organisation access to expert teams, threat intelligence and technology without the challenges of budget and capacity of building internally.

 

Hybrid

A smaller internal SOC team handles the day-to-day operations, but is backed by an external SOC for after-hours monitoring and threat response. The outsourced SOC also brings specialist skills and can assist with capacity during major threat incidents.

The organisation’s choice often depends on available budget, skill capacity, and how much risk the organisation faces on a daily basis.


What technologies form part of a modern SOC?
 

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)

SIEM collects and correlates data across the IT environment.

 

Threat intelligence data feeds

Flags known threat indicators

 

XDR (Extended Detection and Response)

Detection across endpoints, networks and cloud environments

See our piece on the benefits of Extended Detection and Response (XDR)

 

Automation and AI-empowered triage

This helps to separate false positives and duplicates from actual threats.

 

Do South African businesses need a SOC?

South Africa is facing increasing threats from a rapidly evolving threat landscape. We’ve seen several high-profile attacks in recent years, and the volume of these is increasing.

Local businesses face additional pressures due to a scarcity of cybersecurity talent in the South African market.

This makes it a more realistic solution for South African businesses to approach an outsourced SOC provider. It saves on budget and the effort of building an internal team from a limited skills pool. SOC coverage also assists with POPIA compliance, which requires local businesses to take reasonable steps to secure clients’ personal information.

 

Related reading:

What are the benefits of a Security Operations Centre (SOC)?

The partnership between a SOC and a CISO

CISO as a Service

Security Operations Centre
 

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